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Reduce red-eye
Red-eye is caused by light from a flash hitting the eyes and the light is reflected back into the lens. Red-eye is a frequent problem when using a built-in digital camera flash because of it's proximity to the lens.
Digital cameras have a red-eye flash mode that fires a series of pre-flashes prior to the final flash. The rapid flashes cause pupils to contract and reduce the reflection.
Though not perfect, red-eye flash mode can help minimize, sometimes prevent, the red-eye effect. When using this mode, inform your subjects since the pre-flashes may startle them and cause weird expressions on their faces.
Reducing red-eye
When using a built-in flash, have the subject look toward the camera but not directly at the lens. Don't rely solely on the flash for illumination. Use other light sources such as light coming through a window or door. If you turn on room lights, make sure to adjust the white balance setting.
Some digital cameras remove red-eye in the camera, however it is not always as effective as using software. The most effective way to prevent red-eye is to use an external flash.
