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A wide angle lens lets you take in more of a scene, while a telephoto lens lets you get closer to your subject without physically moving.
Take a look here. There are some illustrations of typical focal lengths.
http://www.digicamhelp.com/learn/glossary/normal-lens.phpA macro lens allows you to take close-up shots of small objects, flowers and insects. The lens can be moved closer to the subject than in other modes or with non-macro lenses.
http://www.digicamhelp.com/learn/macro-close/A lens can be fixed to the camera or interchangeable. Many digital cameras with fixed lenses zoom to change focal lengths. Most have built-in Marco capabilities.
