Sorry to hear about the camera problem. A couple of thoughts come to mind.
It doesn't really sound like you inadvertently hit the wrong button because the problem presents itself inconsistently: the opaque white cover, the Venetian blind effect, etc.
I believe the DSC-F717 is about five years old and my best guess is that the camera sensor may be going. The only way to know for sure is to call Sony or a digital camera repair shop.
If your camera is in need of repair, here is information about deciding whether to repair it or not:
http://www.digicamhelp.com/camera-care/repair/