Hi there Qwalityboy,
The most notible difference
in this specific case would be that your aperture would be greatly reduced. This means that your depth-of-field would be much less if focused at the same plane as the current shot. Depending on the actual light of your scene, your camera's aperture range may be overextended thus the need to shift to higher ISO values. Higher ISO values would give you more "noise".
As for the 30sec exposure in general, if the conditions had been windy you would have seen that movement in the branches. A faster shutter speed (1/125, 1/500, etc.) would have "frozen" this action. In the case of this photo, it appears the air was still enough for the 30sec exposure, as you have very little if any movement blur.
Hope this helps.
