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Filters
Digital camera filters are transparent or translucent glass elements that are attached to the front of a lens. They protect a camera lens, change the characteristics of light entering it or add special effects and colors to an image. Filters help protect a lens from the elements, such as exposure to salt air. A digital camera may require a lens adapter to attach a filter.
Determining filter size
The size of the filter can vary from camera to camera. If you use interchangeable lenses, each may take a different sized filter. The size is determined by the lens diameter and is typically printed on rim of the lens, where the glass meets the threaded edge.
Filter types
With the variety of menu options found on digital cameras, many of the effects obtained using filters on film cameras can be more easily achieved digitally. Still, there are some filters worth considering.
Ultra violet and skylight filters
Skylight and UV filters are used primarily to protect a camera lens from becoming scratched, smudged with fingerprints or damaged by moisture and dust. They help prevent breakage if a camera is accidentally bumped or dropped. Some of the better UV and skylight filters are multi-coated.
Polarizing filters
Polarizing filters help reduce reflections when taking photos through water and glass at an angle. They help eliminate blown-out areas caused by light reflected off shiny objects such as car paint and chrome, and reflections from street pavement and foliage. Polarizers deepen the color and contrast of skies when shooting outdoors.
A polarizing filter rotates in its mount so you can control the amount of light which reaches the sensor. There are two types of polarizers, Linear and Circular. Check which one to use with the manufacturer so the filter does not interfere with the automatic functions of your digital camera.
Neutral density (ND) filters
Sometimes referred to as "sunglasses for your camera," ND filters reduce the amount of light coming through a lens without changing the color. A ND filter helps eliminate bright, washed out areas in a photo. ND filters also let you to use slower shutter speeds and larger apertures (for less depth of field) than would otherwise be possible without them.
Infrared (IR) filters
Infrared filters remove visible light and only let infrared light enter the lens. Many digital camera users enjoy IR photography for the surrealistic affects created when using these filters.
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